It seems to be a useful tool for the scrutiny of mood disorders in portuguese patients with ms. Anxiety and depression in the general population in. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a brief selfreporting twodimensional questionnaire developed to screen for levels of anxiety and depression among patients in a general hospital setting. The objectives of this study were to present some psychometric properties of the hads on a large sample of french employees. It is used extensively in france, but has never been the subject of a full study in a population at work. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. Bgp article hospital anxiety and depression had scale. The hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith as a screening tool to capture clinically significant states of anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric hospital setting 4. Psychometric evaluation of the hospital anxiety and. Many translated example sentences containing hospital anxiety and depression scale. However uk normative data from hads remains limited.
To reduce the risk of a false positive bias, the scale does not assess symptoms of anxiety and depression related to. Kuijpers pm, denollet j, lousberg r, wellens hj, crijns h, honig a. It is a 14item questionnaire that consists of two subscales of seven items designed to measure levels both of anxiety and. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used in adult populations. Anxiety and depression in the general population in colombia. The use of tools such as the hospital anxiety and depression scale allow staff to identify and monitor anxiety and depression in patients in a busy preoperative setting. The objective of this study was to generate normative values and to test psychometric properties of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads for the general population of colombia. Each of the three scales contains 14 items, divided into subscales of 25 items with similar content.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads can be used as a diagnostic aid with adolescents, with modifications to the cutoffs reflecting lower rates of depression among adolescents than among adults and higher rates of anxiety. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet. It was divided into an anxiety subscale hadsa and a depression subscale hadsd both containing seven intermingled items. Psychometric evaluation of the hospital anxiety and depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads springerlink. Using the hospital anxiety and depression scale to screen for depression in cardiac patients. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been used in several languages to assess anxiety and depression in general hospital patients with good results. This study sought to evaluate the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the chinese version of hads in a community sample of adolescents residing in hong kong. Hads hospital anxiety and depression scale youtube. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression. During the past decades, the hads has been extensively validated in a variety of adult populations, including clinical and community samples, with welldocumented good. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a valid and reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings.
This tool focuses on the diagnostic criteria of icd and dsm and covers physical, cognitive, emotional and behavioural symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress disorders. Using the hospital anxiety and depression scale in surgical. Hads is a selfreport questionnaire consisting of 16 items, the first 14 of which are scored. The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in such a setting but many studies conducted throughout the world have confirmed that it is valid when used in community settings and primary care medical practice. General practitioners gps diagnostic skills lead to underidentification of generalized anxiety disorders gad and major depressive episodes mde. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads rug. I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night. Using the hospital anxiety and depression scale in.
Depression anxiety and stress scale dass the dass is a 42item questionnaire which includes three selfreport scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. This is a self screening questionnaire for depression and anxiety. Read each item and place a firm tick in the box opposite the reply which. The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of. The depression items tend to focus on the anhedonic symptoms of depression. It is suggested that the introduction of the scales into general hospital practice would. Pdf hospital anxiety and depression scale hads aastha. Pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale researchgate. Resultsinduced women had lower cortisol concentrations during the latent phase compared to spontaneous onset of labor p 0. Doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi ety in the setting of an. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith 1 to measure anxiety and depression. Diagnostic accuracy of the depression subscale of the.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used in both research and clinical contexts. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith 1 to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical popul we use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. The patient should be instructed not to take too long over their replies. I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all. The identification of people with mental distress requires norms obtained for the specific country. For the twofactor model proposed by zigmond and snaith 1, satisfactory levels of cronbachs alphas were found for anxiety and depression factors in the community a. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a questionnaire widely used for detecting anxiety and depressive disorders. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is frequently used to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression.
The hospital anxiety and depression had scale developed by zigmond and snaith 6 for the screening of psychological problems is short and simple, and has been found to be valid in the general practice setting 7. Accuracy of the hospital anxiety and depression scale as a screening tool in cancer patients. Jul 14, 2005 the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a widely used selfreport instrument designed as a brief assessment tool of the distinct dimensions of anxiety and depression in nonpsychiatric populations 11, 12. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. To evaluate the accuracy of the depression subscale of hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd in spine surgery, comparing it to beck depression inventory bdi. Pdf the arabic hospital anxiety and depression scale. Full text the hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients with. The anxiety and depressive subscales are also valid measures of severity of the emotional disorder.
The hads showed satisfactory psychometric properties as a screening instrument in assessing anxious and depressive states as two correlated. The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of the questionnaire. Patients arriving at a chest pain unit may present psychiatric disorders not identified, isolated or comorbid to the main illness, which may. One such instrument is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads 4. Hospital anxiety and depression scale the hads is a selfadministered scale consisting of 14 items split across anxiety and depression subscales, each with a fourpoint ordinal response format. Factor analyses of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Responses are based on the relative frequency of symptoms over the past week. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. The hospital anxiety and depression scale article, 1983. The beauty of the hads score is its simplicity, speed and ease.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients. Download limit exceeded you have exceeded your daily download allowance. Normative data for the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. The anxiety and depressive subscales are also valid measures of seventy of the emotional disorder. Subjects rate the 14 items on a fivepoint scale 04. The hospital anxiety and depression scale 363 table 1 numbers of patients in each category according to subscale scores depression scale non doubtful scores cases cases cases 07 57 11 1 810 8 7 3 1121 1 4 8 and the rating scale of any respondent who replied positively to either of these questions was discarded. Mothers completed the hospital anxiety and depression scale. The aim of our study was to assess the psychological aspects of copd, to test the bode index a composite score of body mass, obstruction, dyspnea and exercise capacity, and to evaluate the association between. Nov 03, 2015 generalized anxiety disorder understanding the nature of worry and anxiety duration. It should be emphasised that selfassessment scales are only valid for screening purposes. Yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. How does the hospial anxiety and depression scale measure. The degree of lung function may not explain anxiety and depression.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and quality of. Use of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in a. The fact that clinical pictures show substantial overlap makes it difficult, using conventional instruments, to distinguish between the cooccurrence of anxiety and depression and overlap in definitions and measurement of the two syndromes. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads please check you. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. Scores of 07 in respective subscales are considered normal, with 810 borderline and 11 or over indicating clinical caseness. Patients completed the hospital anxiety and depression scale had scale, in the translated and validated version into the arabic language 25, 26. The depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd is the most commonly used screening tool in medically ill patients. Defining hospital anxiety and depression scale hads structure. The hads is a 14item, 4point selfreport likert scale assessing anxiety and depression symptoms. The study used a pooled data set from three breast cancer clinical groups. Apr 07, 2010 the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a 14item selfadministered instrument developed by zigmond and snaith to measure anxiety and depression symptomatology. Use of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in. Anxiety and depression in copd patients and correlation.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads spinal cord. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith 1 to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. An investigation into the psychometric properties of the. Hads gives clinically meaningful results as a psychological screening tool and can assess the symptom severity and caseness of anxiety disorders and depression in patients with. The dependent variables were hads anxiety and depression subscale scores. Problems in crosscultural use of the hospital anxiety and. Five hundred and twelve italian consecutive hospitalized cancer patients completed the hads together with a form for the collection of personal and clinical data. Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. To determine the psychometric properties of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in patients with breast cancer and determine the suitability of the instrument for use with this clinical group. Factor analyses of the hospital anxiety and depression. Tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week.
Factor structure of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in coronary heart disease patients in three countries. Generalized anxiety disorder understanding the nature of worry and anxiety duration. The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in such a setting but many studies conducted throughout the world have confirmed that it is valid when used in community settings and primary care. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational. The translation and evaluation of an urdu version of the hospital anxiety and depression. The hads was administered to 521 participants 275 controls and 246 inpatients and outpatients of the internal medicine and surgical departments in attikon general hospital in athens. Other than physically ill individuals, the hads is also used with community samplespopulations. This article examines whether these problems could be due to the construction of the. A large literature is citable in support of its validity, but difficulties are increasingly being identified, such as inexplicably discrepant optimal cutpoints and inconsistent factorstructures. In a crosssectional study, the hadsd and the bdi were applied to patients undergoing spine surgery for lumbar n9 or cervical spondylosis n17. The hospital anxiety and depression scale zigmond 1983. Aug 01, 2003 the hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice.
Journal of evaluation in clinical practice, 142, 281287. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983 to identify caseness possible and probable of anxiety disorders and depression among patients in nonpsychiatric hospital clinics. The had scale consists of a total of 14 questions with seven each on symptoms of anxiety and depression. Supplement of brief questionnaires could improve the diagnostic accuracy of gps for these common mental disorders. Objective the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used to screen for anxiety and depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and. Anxiety and depression are common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd. Anxiety depression summary the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population through selfreporting. Assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population. Depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression. The aims of this study were to examine the usefulness of the hospital anxiety and depression rating scale hads for gps by. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is experiencing.